What Is Radiofrequency Ablation?
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat generated by radiofrequency energy to disrupt pain signals from specific nerves. It is commonly used for facet joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and certain other nerve-mediated pain conditions.
Before the Procedure
Preparation - Stop blood-thinning medications as directed by your doctor - Arrange for someone to drive you home - Fast for a specified period before the procedure - Inform the team about any allergies or medications
Diagnostic Confirmation RFA is typically performed only after a successful diagnostic medial branch block confirms that the targeted nerve is the source of your pain. This two-step approach ensures accuracy.
During the Procedure
- Positioning — You lie face-down on a specialized table
- Skin preparation — The area is cleaned and numbed with local anaesthetic
- Needle placement — Under X-ray guidance (fluoroscopy), a thin needle is positioned near the target nerve
- Sensory test — A small electrical stimulus confirms correct placement
- Motor test — Ensures the motor nerve is not at risk
- Ablation — Radiofrequency energy is applied for 60–90 seconds, heating the nerve tip to approximately 80°C
- Repeat — Multiple nerves may be treated in the same session
After the Procedure
Immediate Recovery - Rest for 30–60 minutes before going home - Mild soreness at the injection site is normal - Apply ice packs for 15 minutes at a time
First Few Days - Take it easy for 24–48 hours - Gradually return to normal activities - Mild increased pain is common as the local anaesthetic wears off
Weeks 2–6 - Pain relief typically begins around 2–3 weeks - Maximum benefit is usually reached by 6 weeks - Continue with rehabilitation exercises as prescribed
Expected Outcomes
- 60–80% of patients experience significant pain relief
- Pain relief typically lasts 6–18 months
- The procedure can be repeated if needed
- RFA works best as part of a comprehensive treatment plan including exercise and education
Risks and Side Effects
RFA is generally safe, but like all procedures, it carries some risks:
- Temporary increased pain at the site
- Bruising or minor bleeding
- Rare: infection, nerve damage, or allergic reaction to local anaesthetic
Frequently Asked Questions
Dr. Shahnawaz F Shah
Interventional Spine & Pain Physician
MBBS, M.D. (Anaes) • FIAPM • FCPM • FPM
For personalized evaluation and treatment, consult with Dr. Shah.
Book a ConsultationMedical Disclaimer: The information on this page is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for personalized evaluation and management.